FLUORIDATION AND LEAD CONTAMINATION.

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Afican Americans f

The Babylonians used the metal for plates on which to record inscriptions
Malleable, ductile, and dense, it is a poor conductor of electricity
Symptoms of lead poisoning include abdominal pain and diarrhoea followed by constipation, nausea, vomiting, dizziness, headache, and general weakness
Resistant to corrosion

Lead Exposure & Violent Crime

Meanwhile, the drive to eliminate lead from the environment continues. Lead paint is also on the way out. Needleman claimed that it was almost as big a source of poisoning as petrol in the modern world.

FLUORIDATION AND LEAD CONTAMINATION.

For millennia lead has held a deep attraction for Painters, Builders, Chemists and Winemakers – but it’s done untold harm – especially to children.

This is important interesting, with amazing history of human tragedy.

A number of factors are involved in the extent to which lead enters the drinking water, including:

1) the chemistry of the water (acidity & alkalinity) and the types and amounts of minerals in the water,

2) the amount of lead it comes into contact with,

3) the temperature of the water,

4) the amount of wear in the pipes,

5) how long the water stays in pipes, and

6) the presence of protective scales or coatings inside the plumbing materials.

7) The levels of fluorides in the water and the rate of flow.

Regarding the matter of lead being leached from old pipes. Anyone who argues that fluoridation had nothing to do with it will have to explain those well-preserved lead pipes from more than 2000 years ago in unfluoridated Roman water…

Original → HERE ←

The fluosilicates are the by-products of the phosphate fertilizer industry. In the manufacture of this kind of fertilizer, phosphorus is obtained from phosphate rock, which has to be broken down with sulfuric acid.

(1) Fluorine occurs naturally in combination with the phosphates.

(2) In these two facts lie the keys to the presence of lead in the fluosilicates.

Step One: Sulfuric acid is prepared by either of two ways, the lead chamber process

(3) or the contact method.

(4) In its purest form (made by the contact method) it is used in pharmaceuticals; in its lowest grade (produced by the lead chamber process) it is used by the fertilizer industry.

(5) It is also frequently recovered for re-use, but this form is too impure for any purpose except the manufacture of fertilizer, for which it is quite suitable.

(6) In the lead chamber process purification is carried out only to the extent of removing substances that could clog the machinery.

(7) Of the common metals, only lead is resistant to cold sulfuric acid in concentrations up to 100%. But in hot acid the resistance is up to about 70%.

(8) The lead chamber type uses heat (about 600 C) and isn’t cooled during the process. That’s why a certain amount of lead is leached during this procedure.

If a pure product is needed, the contact method is used, but it’s more expensive, more complicated. In the making of fertilizer, however, a pure grade is not necessary. After all, neither fertilizer nor its by-products were intended for human consumption.

(11) It’s interesting that the lead pipes in Roman aqueducts, 2000 years old, are still in such good shape the numbers and letters engraved on them are clearly legible. [See image below.]

(12) In fluoridated water, though, it’s a different matter. Fluorine can and does destroy the protective coatings; it can and does leach lead. A pediatrics textbook published in 1964

(17) The agency also suggests lead my be a carcinogen, possibly causing kidney tumors and lymphocytic leukemia.

(18) Furthermore, it’s a known scientific fact that lead poisons the bone marrow.

(20) in Thurmont it was 78%.

(21) To the best of our knowledge, no other explanations were offered. In Thurmont the ban is now permanent.

(24) (Don’t you get the feeling we’re in the same category as a Third World country becoming a toxic waste dump for others?) In California recently the Attorney General and two environmental groups have sued the makers of brass pumps containing lead which could contaminate water from wells.

REFERENCES:

Plumbosolvency Exacerbated by Water Fluoridation by Dr. Geoff Pain

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Note – No fluoride damage to these Roman pipes – See above.

More Lead In Drinking Water Due to Electric Grounding.

See also ⇓ Rainwater Users Warned Of Lead Risk

Lead in Plumbing Products & Materials – Macquarie University – Australia

‘Water Fluoridation Targets Black Americans

MORE INFO ON FLUORIDES & LEAD ON OUR POST ⇓

♦ Silicofluorides contain more lead than sodium fluoride. Compared with NaF, SiFs cause more lead to be leached from brass pipe and fittings and from the lead solder used to solder copper pipe and cast iron water mains. For all these reasons SiFs should be disallowed as fluoridation materials.

See also ⇓

11 October 2014 Original ⇓ The fatal attraction of lead By Laurence Knight BBC News

That’s because lead is very simple to produce. It often comes mixed up with other more coveted minerals, notably silver. And once the ore is out of the ground, thanks to its low melting point, the lead can easily be separated out in an open fire.

One place lead has long been mined is the Derbyshire Dales, at the southern end of the UK’s Peak District National Park.

As well as its tourist-friendly natural beauty, the area’s volcanic and limestone geology also provided the perfect conditions for mineralising the lead sulphide ore called galena.

For 100 million years the lead just sat there harmlessly, locked up in the rock. Then, 3,000 years ago, people began to dig it up. And then the Romans arrived. And soon enough boatloads of Derbyshire ingots were being shipped back to the Continent.

The Romans were the first to exploit lead on an industrial scale. Ice cores in Greenland contain traces of lead dust from 2,000 years ago, carried on the wind from giant Roman smelters. One of the largest, located in Spain, was operated by tens of thousands of slaves.

Lead found dozens of uses throughout the Empire. Being apparently insoluble, it was used to line aqueducts and make water pipes – the word “plumber” derives from the Latin for lead, plumbum.

The Romans excelled at plumbing, unfortunately they used lead pipes. “I think of it as the plastic of the past,” explains Derbyshire lead mining historian Lynn Willis. “It’s flexible, you can cast it into thin sheets, solder it into pipes.”

The metal was malleable and seemingly impervious to corrosion, and so – just like modern plastics – it became ubiquitous. And not just in Roman times.

“In a large house in the 17th Century you might find the table covered with [lead tableware], the cisterns holding the water, the drains, the pipes.”

Lead has a long association with the building trade, providing a waterproof material for roofing, window frames, and for sealing stone walls. And a heavy lump of lead on a string formed the plumb-line builders used to ensure those walls were vertical.

Meanwhile, glassmakers learned that adding in some lead oxide would yield glassware such as wine decanters that would glisten, because the lead refracted the light across a wider arc.

Unfortunately, a leaded crystal wine decanter turns out to be a singularly bad idea, according to Andrea Sella, chemistry professor at University College London, especially if the wine (or sherry, port or brandy) is held in it for a long time.

“The lead slowly dissolves out into the wine itself. The intriguing thing is that you get a compound that used to be known as ‘the sugar of lead’.”

This compound, lead acetate, not only looks like sugar, it also has an intensely sweet flavour, Prof Sella explains.

“One of the curious things is that the drink that you would put into your decanter would over time gradually become sweeter.”

But lead, of course, is also toxic. Once inside the body, it interferes with the propagation of signals through the central nervous system, and it inveigles its way into enzymes, disrupting their role in processing the nutritious elements zinc, iron and calcium.

And so history is littered with examples of people, often unwittingly, enhancing the flavour of their beverages with lead, with horrendous consequences for the health of the end-consumers.

The citizens of Ulm in Germany were plagued by agonising stomach cramps in the 1690s. But it was soon noted at a local monastery that some of the monks, who happened to abstain from drinking the popular local wine, were being spared by God.

The source was eventually identified as a lead oxide sweetener added to the wine – and then eliminated via what was possibly the world’s first formal ban on the use of lead.

In England, these same stomach cramps became known as “Devon colic” after a similar 17th Century outbreak, this time caused by the lead used in local cider presses.

Gout could also be brought on by lead poisoning, and became a hallmark of the English nobility in the 18th Century. The apparent cause this time was the 1703 Methuen Treaty between England and Portugal, better known as the “Port Wine Treaty”.

It cemented military friendship and favourable trade terms between the two nations, stimulating a booming trade in port. Guess what the wine came laced with? Lead acetate.

Lead-induced gout was all too familiar to the Romans too. They associated it with the morose god Saturn, who ate his own children.

The link was apt. Chronic lead exposure causes depression, headaches, aggression and memory loss. It can also cause sterility, and some suggest this explains the common failure of Roman aristocrats, such as Caesar Augustus, to produce a natural heir.

~ SOME KEY FACTS ON LEAD ~

The Babylonians used the metal for plates on which to record inscriptions

Malleable, ductile, and dense, it is a poor conductor of electricity

Symptoms of lead poisoning include abdominal pain and diarrhoea followed by constipation, nausea, vomiting, dizziness, headache, and general weakness

Resistant to corrosion

Whether this contributed to the apparent madness of emperors such as Caligula and Nero, and the eventual collapse of the Empire remains a contentious question among classical scholars.

But it’s clear that the Industrial Revolution unleashed a new wave of lead poisoning far greater than anything in ancient times, and this time it was the working classes rather than aristocrats who bore the brunt.

A black line on the gums is one sign of lead poisoning

Take the Sheffield paintworks, for example. After three months at the works, employees typically developed a skull-like complexion of pallid skin and dark recessed eyes, Willis says. Melancholy, pain, infertility and death followed.

“In the 1870s, the doctor reported that six people out of 70-80 had died the previous year,” says Willis. But he also noted that in his father’s time in the 1830s they had died “like sheep”.

Given that lead poisoning had been around so long, the actions of the chemist Thomas Midgley Jr. appear to have been reckless in the extreme. He is the man who put lead in petrol.

In 1921 as a brilliant young chemist at General Motors he discovered that adding the compound tetra-ethyl lead made engines run more efficiently, eliminating the uncontrolled knocking of early motorcars.

The product was marketed as the benign-sounding “ethyl”. When challenged about the dangers of the lead content, Midgley called a press conference at which he poured the chemical over his hands and breathed in its vapour for a full minute, claiming he could do so every day without ill effect.

For millennia lead has held a deep attraction for Painters,
Builders, Chemists and Winemakers – but it’s done
untold harm – especially to children.

This is important interesting, with amazing
history of human tragedy.

A number of factors are involved in the extent to which
lead enters the drinking water, including:

The fluosilicates are the by-products of the phosphate fertilizer industry.
In the manufacture of this kind of fertilizer, phosphorus is obtained from
phosphate rock, which has to be broken down with sulfuric acid.

(12) In fluoridated water, though, it’s a different matter. Fluorine can and does destroy the protective coatings; it can and does leach lead.
A pediatrics textbook published in 1964

Plumbosolvency Exacerbated by Water Fluoridation
by Dr. Geoff Pain

Note – No fluoride damage to these Roman pipes
– See above.

See also ⇓
Rainwater Users Warned Of Lead Risk

Lead in Plumbing Products & Materials –
Macquarie University – Australia

♦ Silicofluorides contain more lead than sodium fluoride.
Compared with NaF, SiFs cause more lead to be leached from
brass pipe and fittings and from the lead solder used to solder
copper pipe and cast iron water mains. For all these reasons
SiFs should be disallowed as fluoridation materials.

11 October 2014 Original ⇓
The fatal attraction of lead
By Laurence Knight BBC News

The Romans excelled at plumbing, unfortunately they used lead pipes.
“I think of it as the plastic of the past,” explains Derbyshire lead mining historian Lynn Willis. “It’s flexible, you can cast it into thin sheets, solder it into pipes.”

Lead-induced gout was all too familiar to the Romans too.
They associated it with the morose god Saturn, who ate his own children.

Other studies looking at the difference between countries worldwide found similar results. However, the link between lead and crime is still disputed, with
plenty of other explanations forwarded for the global drop in crime rates.